Embedding models and vector stores work on finite pieces of text. Chunking turns each loaded document into one or more segments. Each segment gets embedded and stored. At query time, retrieval returns the most relevant segments.

1696 vs 247

The following parameters control how documents are split into segments. They are available across all three RAG APIs.

In simpleRAG(), pass chunking options as flat keys on the third argument (the options struct) using chunkSize, chunkOverlap, splitterType, and recursive. You do not nest them under documentSplitter here; that nesting is used in Advanced RAG (agent()).

ColdFusion includes the following built-in splitter algorithms. Pass the type name as a string to splitterType.

The following example loops splitterType over recursive, character, line, word, sentence, paragraph, and regex. For regex, it sets regexPattern: "\.\s+". Every segment must have non-empty trimmed text.

recursive: 486 segments character: 544 segments line: 486 segments word: 478 segments sentence: 487 segments paragraph: 487 segments

High overlap is useful when answers are likely to span a chunk boundary. Use it when the default overlap produces answers that miss context at the edges.

With chunkOverlap: 0, adjacent segments share no boundary text. Use this when you want no redundant boundary text between segments.

segment count: 668

If your documents have a domain-specific structure that built-in splitters do not handle well, for example, legal contracts split by clause, or code files split by function. You can provide a custom splitter UDF.

Use type: "custom" with implementation set to a UDF that accepts a document struct and returns an array of segment structs { text, metadata }. The sample splits by fixed character width inside the UDF.

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Note: The UDF receives one document struct and must return an array of segment structs, each with a text key and a metadata key. Returning an empty array is valid and skips the document.

The following example calls split() with chunkSize: 300 and dumps the metadata of the first segment:

Call documentService().split() to split documents independently of any RAG service. This is useful when you want to inspect, transform, or route segments before ingestion, or when you are building a custom pipeline.

After load(), call split(documents) with no second argument to use product defaults. Defaults are chunkSize 1000 and chunkOverlap 100.

52 segments

Pass a struct as the second argument with chunkSize and chunkOverlap. Segments are an array of structs with text and metadata.

The recursive splitter walks hierarchical separators. Pass splitterType: "recursive" alongside chunkSize and chunkOverlap.

96 segments

Common standalone flow: load documents, split into segments, then (optionally) transform or inspect segments without ingesting into a vector store. The test expects at least as many segments as documents for multi-chunk files.

documents=21 segments=52

In agent(), ingestion.documentSplitter may be an empty struct {}. Default behavior is equivalent to recursive splitting with chunkSize 1000 and chunkOverlap 100. Ingestion must produce segmentsIngested > 0 for the sample file.

126

Explicit documentSplitter with only chunkSize and chunkOverlap (no splitterType in the minimal snippet):

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splitterType: "sentence" with chunkSize and chunkOverlap splits on sentence boundaries where possible:

For splitterType: "regex", provide regexPattern. The sample uses a pattern that splits on newlines:

A Study in Scarlet, published in 1887 by Sir Arthur Conan Doyle, is the first story featuring Sherlock Holmes and Dr. John Watson. The plot begins with Watson, a military surgeon returning from the Afghan War, seeking accommodation in London. He meets Holmes, and they become roommates at 221B Baker Street. Holmes, who works as a consulting detective, involves Watson in a murder case centered around a man named Enoch Drebber, found dead in a derelict house with the word 'RACHE' written in blood. Holmes uses his deduction skills to solve the case despite challenges from Scotland Yard inspectors. The narrative shifts to the backstory of the murderer, Jefferson Hope, whose actions are motivated by tragic vengeance related to a love triangle involving Mormons in the American West. Eventually, Hope dies in prison, and Watson publishes the case to acknowledge Holmes's brilliance.

splitterType: "recursive" can take separators, an array of strings tried in order. The test uses chr(10) & chr(10) then chr(10) for paragraph then line breaks. A longer variant uses [chr(10) & chr(10), chr(10), " ", ""]:

Dr. John Watson is a fictional character created by Sir Arthur Conan Doyle, who first appears in the novel "A Study in Scarlet" published in 1887. Watson is a military surgeon who returns to London after being invalided from the Afghan War. He becomes the close companion and confidant of the famous detective Sherlock Holmes. They share lodgings at 221B Baker Street, where Watson becomes involved in Holmes's investigations. Throughout the stories, Watson serves as the narrator and often helps Holmes solve complex cases, highlighting his skills in observation and deduction.

simpleRAG() takes chunkSize, chunkOverlap, splitterType, and recursive on the third argument options struct:

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Same flat options with splitterType: "sentence":

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